Ch 2 · Unit 2 · Group A (30 marks)

Entrepreneurial
Planning

75 MCQs 50 Flashcards NCERT Class 12 Updated May 2026
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Chapter Overview

Chapter 2 of CBSE Class 12 Entrepreneurship covers the second pillar of starting up: once an opportunity is sensed, an entrepreneur must choose a legal form for the venture and write a business plan. The chapter compares the five Indian forms of business organisation — sole proprietorship, joint Hindu family business (HUF), partnership, cooperative society, and company — across ownership, liability, capital, control, continuity, and taxation.

Students learn the criteria for choosing the right form (size, capital required, liability appetite, control, continuity needs, regulatory complexity) and the procedural difference between a private company, a public company, and the newer One Person Company (OPC) introduced under the Companies Act 2013. Partnership forms — general, limited, and Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) — are also covered.

The second half of the chapter teaches how to write a business plan: the executive summary, business description, marketing plan, operational plan, organisational plan, financial plan, and risk assessment. Business plans turn an idea into a fundable, executable roadmap and serve as the entrepreneur's guide through the first 3 years.

What You'll Learn
Key Concepts
Form 1
Sole Proprietorship
Single owner, unlimited liability, easy to start and close, full control, limited capital + skill, no separate legal entity. Best for small ventures.
Form 2
Partnership (incl. LLP)
2-50 partners, governed by Partnership Act 1932 / LLP Act 2008. General = unlimited liability, LLP = limited. Profit-shared per agreed ratio.
Form 3
HUF Business
Joint Hindu Family — eldest male is karta with unlimited liability, coparceners with limited liability. Membership by birth, not contract.
Form 4
Cooperative Society
Voluntary association of 10+ members, one-member-one-vote, service motive over profit, registered under Cooperative Societies Act 1912. Amul, IFFCO.
Form 5
Company (Pvt / Public / OPC)
Separate legal entity, limited liability, perpetual succession. Pvt: 2-200, no public issue. Public: 7+, can list. OPC: 1 owner + nominee (Companies Act 2013).
Business Plan
7 Components
Executive Summary · Business Description · Marketing Plan · Operational Plan · Organisational Plan · Financial Plan · Risk Assessment.
Sample MCQs
Q1. Which of the following is the most distinguishing feature of a One Person Company (OPC)?
A. It can be formed by a single person who also nominates a successor
B. It has unlimited liability for the owner
C. It must have at least seven members at all times
D. It cannot be converted into a private limited company under any condition
OPC was introduced by the Companies Act 2013 to give a single founder the benefit of limited liability + separate legal entity. A nominee is mandatory — the nominee takes over if the sole member dies or is incapacitated.
Q2. The 'Executive Summary' in a business plan should ideally be written:
A. Last, even though it appears first, so it can summarise the rest of the plan
B. First, before any other section is drafted
C. Only by external consultants, never by the entrepreneur
D. Only when the plan is being updated, not at the start
The Executive Summary is a one-page snapshot of the entire plan — opportunity, team, financials, ask. It appears first but is written last because you need the other sections finalised before you can summarise them.